🌎Reported Speech🌎
🔴lesson 1 : Indirect Speech🔴
There are three changes takeplace
🌐 Step 1 : Change in Verb 🌐
Verb can be changed from Direct (Present 1) into (Past2) when using indirect , as following
🔘 Present simple. 👉 Past simple
🔘 Present Continous 👉 Past continous
🔘 Present Perfect 👉 Past perfect
🔘 Past simple 👉 Past perfect
🔘 Past Continuous 👉 Past perfect con
📝Examples📝
¶ Direct : Jane says ( he 𝙞𝙨 a good person )
¶ Indirect: Jane said :( he 𝙬𝙖𝙨 a good person)
¶ Direct = Lee says : ( they 𝙖𝙧𝙚 sleeping )
¶ Indirect = Lee said : ( they 𝙬𝙚𝙧𝙚 sleeping )
¶ Direct = Sam says : ( Jim 𝙝𝙖𝙨 eaten food )
¶ Indirect = Sam said : ( Jim 𝙝𝙖𝙙 eaten food)
¶ Direct = Tom says : ( they 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙙 well )
¶ Indirect = Tom said : ( they 𝙝𝙖𝙙 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙙 well )
¶ Direct = Hani says : ( she 𝙬𝙖𝙨 working )
¶ Indirect = Hani said :(She 𝙝𝙖𝙙 𝙗𝙚𝙚𝙣 working)
🌐 Step 2 : Change in Pronoun 🌐
Pronouns can be changed from Direct speech into indirect speech , as following :
⚪Personal Pronouns⚪
1- 𝙄 👉 he / she ✪ 2- 𝙬𝙚 👉 they / you
3- 𝙮𝙤𝙪 👉 I, he, she, they ✪ 4- 𝙮𝙤𝙪 👉 I, we,
⚪Adjectiv𝙚 Pronouns⚪
5- 𝙢𝙮 👉 his , her ✪ 6- 𝙤𝙪𝙧 👉 their, your
7- 𝙮𝙤𝙪𝙧 👉 his, her ✪ 8- 𝙮𝙤𝙪𝙧 👉 my , us
⚪Objective Pronouns⚪
9- 𝙢𝙚 👉 him , her ✪ 10- 𝙪𝙨 👉 them, you
11- 𝙮𝙤𝙪 👉 him , her ✪ 12- 𝙮𝙤𝙪 👉 me , us
📝Examples📝
⚪Personal Pronouns⚪
¶ Direct = John says : ( 𝙄 𝙖𝙢 a president )
Indirect : John said : ( 𝙝𝙚 𝙬𝙖𝙨 a president )
⚪Adjective Pronouns⚪
¶ Direct = Lee says : ( this 𝙞𝙨 𝙢𝙮 book )
Indirect = Lee said : ( that 𝙬𝙖𝙨 𝙝𝙞𝙨 book )
⚪Objective Pronouns⚪
¶ Direct = Sam says : ( Jim 𝙩𝙖𝙠𝙚𝙨 𝙢𝙚 )
¶ Indirect = Sam said : ( Jim 𝙩𝙤𝙤𝙠 𝙝𝙞𝙢 )
🌐 Step 3 : Change in Adverb 🌐
1- 𝙣𝙤𝙬 👉 then ✪ 2- 𝙨𝙤𝙤𝙣 👉 near
3- 𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙢𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙤𝙬 👉 day after 4- 𝙮𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙧𝙙𝙖𝙮 👉 day before
5- 𝙝𝙚𝙧𝙚 👉 there ✪ 6- 𝙩𝙝𝙞𝙨 👉 that
📝Examples📝
¶ Direct = Lola says : ( he is staying 𝙣𝙤𝙬 )
¶ Indirect = Lola said : (he was staying 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙣)
¶ Direct = Joe says : ( they went 𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙩 𝙬𝙚𝙚𝙠 )
¶ Indirect = Joe said : ( they had gone a 𝙬𝙚𝙚𝙠 𝙗𝙚𝙛𝙤𝙧𝙚 )
🔴 Lesson 2 : Indirect Question 🔴
There are two types of Question :
🏀 Step 1 : 𝗪𝗵- 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 🏀
Form : {ask + wh-Q + subject + auxiliary + verb}
📝Examples📝
¶ Direct = Joe asks tom : (where 𝙞𝙨 𝙨𝙝𝙚 playing tenis ? )
¶ Indirect = Joe asked tom : ( where 𝙨𝙝𝙚 𝙬𝙖𝙨 playing tennis )
¶ Direct = Lee asked : (what 𝙨𝙝𝙖𝙡𝙡 𝙬𝙚 do ?)
¶ Indirect = Lee asked : (what 𝙩𝙝𝙚𝙮 𝙬𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 do )
🏀 Step 2 : 𝘆𝗲𝘀/𝗻𝗼 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘀𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 🏀
Question that begins with Auxiliaries
🔘 Form : {ask + if + subject + auxiliary + verb}
📝Examples📝
¶ Direct = Jim asked : (𝙙𝙤𝙚𝙨 she 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙮 chess ?)
¶ Indirect = Jim asked : (if she 𝙥𝙡𝙖𝙮𝙚𝙙 chess )
¶ Direct = Sara asks : (𝙘𝙖𝙣 𝙮𝙤𝙪 help ?)
¶ Indirect = Sara asked : (if 𝙄 𝙘𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙 help )
🔴Lesson 3 : Indirect Order / Demand🔴
There two types of Command :
🏀 Step 1 : 𝗣𝗼𝘀𝗶𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 🏀
A sentence that begins with Present Verb
📝Examples📝
¶ Direct = Ali ordered :(𝘔𝘰𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘪𝘴 𝘵𝘢𝘣𝘭𝘦 , 𝘖𝘮𝘦𝘳 )
¶ Indirect = Ali ordered Omer to move that table
¶ Direct = Sami ordered : (𝘴𝘪𝘵 𝘥𝘰𝘸𝘯 , Amir)
¶ Indirect = Sami ordered Amir to sit down
🏀 Step 2 : 𝗡𝗲𝗴𝗮𝘁𝗶𝘃𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗱 🏀
A sentence begins with (donot) :
📝Examples📝
¶ Direct = Omer says : (𝘋𝘰𝘯`𝘵 𝘨𝘰 𝘰𝘶𝘵 , Samia)
¶ Indirect = Omer told Samia not to go out
¶ Direct = Nadia ordered : (𝗗𝗼𝗻`𝘁 𝘮𝘢𝘬𝘦 𝘯𝘰𝘪𝘴𝘦 , baby )
¶ Indirect = Nadia ordered baby not to make noise
♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕♕
𝙏𝙝𝙚 𝙀𝙣𝙙
ليست هناك تعليقات:
إرسال تعليق